javascript - Angular $promise without using defer -

everything on net promises these days says don't use defer when using promises except docs/examples on angular.js.

what proper way return value of angular.js $promise without using defer?

here's have:

function foo() {   var deferred = $q.defer();       userservice.findprogramsbyuser({personid: personid}).$promise     .then(function (programs) {         deferred.resolve(programs);     });   return deferred.promise; } 

if using node q library this:

function foo() {   return q.promise(function(resolve, reject) {     userservice.findprogramsbyuser({personid: personid})       .then(function (programs) {         resolve(programs);       });   } } 

how can similar angular promise without having use defer?

since userservice.findprogramsbyuser() has promise property, return that

function foo() {             return userservice.findprogramsbyuser({personid: personid}).$promise      .then(function (programs) {           return programs;      }, function(){         // handle errors      });         }